2 Lecture - Instruction Set Architecture

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CS501

Midterm & Final Term Short Notes

Instruction Set Architecture

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is the interface between hardware and software in a computer system. It defines the set of instructions that a processor can execute and how those instructions are encoded, as well as the memory organization, r


Important Mcq's
Midterm & Finalterm Prepration
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  1. What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? a) A type of computer memory b) A set of instructions for hardware design c) A software application d) A programming language Answer: b) A set of instructions for hardware design Which component of a computer system is responsible for executing instructions? a) Hard disk drive b) Central Processing Unit (CPU) c) Random Access Memory (RAM) d) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Answer: b) Central Processing Unit (CPU) What does the term "instruction encoding" refer to in ISA? a) The process of translating machine code into assembly code b) The process of translating assembly code into machine code c) The process of defining the set of instructions available to a processor d) The process of mapping memory locations to register addresses Answer: b) The process of translating assembly code into machine code Which of the following is NOT a component of ISA? a) Registers b) I/O operations c) Compiler d) Memory organization Answer: c) Compiler What is the purpose of a register in ISA? a) To store instructions b) To store data c) To store program counter d) To store keyboard input Answer: b) To store data Which type of instruction sets can perform arithmetic operations directly on memory? a) Stack-based b) Register-based c) Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) d) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Answer: c) Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Which type of instruction sets have simpler instructions and fewer addressing modes? a) Stack-based b) Register-based c) Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) d) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Answer: d) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good ISA? a) Consistent instruction encoding b) Large number of addressing modes c) Orthogonality d) Simplicity Answer: b) Large number of addressing modes Which type of instruction sets rely on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) stack? a) Stack-based b) Register-based c) Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) d) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Answer: a) Stack-based Which of the following components of ISA defines the set of instructions that a processor can execute? a) Instruction encoding b) Memory organization c) Registers d) I/O operations Answer: a) Instruction encoding


Subjective Short Notes
Midterm & Finalterm Prepration
Past papers included

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  1. What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)? Answer: Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is the interface between hardware and software in a computer system. It defines the set of instructions that a processor can execute and how those instructions are encoded, as well as the memory organization, registers, and I/O operations. What is the role of an instruction set in a computer system? Answer: The instruction set is responsible for defining the operations that can be performed by a processor and how those operations are encoded in machine code. It determines the compatibility and performance of a computer system. What is the difference between a register-based and a stack-based instruction set architecture? Answer: In a register-based ISA, the instructions operate on registers, while in a stack-based ISA, the instructions operate on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) stack. What is instruction encoding in ISA? Answer: Instruction encoding is the process of translating assembly code into machine code, which is a binary representation of the instruction set. What are addressing modes in ISA? Answer: Addressing modes are a way of specifying the operand of an instruction. The different addressing modes include immediate, direct, indirect, and indexed. What is the role of registers in ISA? Answer: Registers are used to store data and control information in a processor. They are faster to access than memory and are used to improve the performance of a processor. What is the difference between CISC and RISC instruction set architectures? Answer: CISC architectures have complex instructions that can perform multiple operations, while RISC architectures have simpler instructions that perform only one operation. RISC architectures also have a simpler instruction set and fewer addressing modes than CISC architectures. What is orthogonality in ISA? Answer: Orthogonality refers to the property of an ISA where the instructions are independent of each other, meaning that any instruction can be used with any addressing mode. How does the choice of ISA affect the performance of a computer system? Answer: The choice of ISA affects the performance of a computer system by determining the efficiency of the instruction set and the compatibility of the processor with software applications. What are the key components of an ISA? Answer: The key components of an ISA include instruction encoding, memory organization, registers, addressing modes, and I/O operations.

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is the interface between hardware and software in a computer system. It defines the set of instructions that a processor can execute and how those instructions are encoded, as well as the memory organization, registers, and I/O operations. The ISA is a key factor in determining the compatibility and performance of a computer system. The instruction set is responsible for defining the operations that can be performed by a processor and how those operations are encoded in machine code. Different ISAs have different instruction sets, and the choice of ISA can have a significant impact on the performance of a computer system. The different types of ISAs include register-based, stack-based, Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC), and Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC). In a register-based ISA, the instructions operate on registers, while in a stack-based ISA, the instructions operate on a last-in, first-out (LIFO) stack. CISC architectures have complex instructions that can perform multiple operations, while RISC architectures have simpler instructions that perform only one operation. The ISA also defines the different addressing modes that can be used to specify the operand of an instruction. The different addressing modes include immediate, direct, indirect, and indexed. Registers are used to store data and control information in a processor. They are faster to access than memory and are used to improve the performance of a processor. Orthogonality is another important characteristic of an ISA. Orthogonality refers to the property of an ISA where the instructions are independent of each other, meaning that any instruction can be used with any addressing mode. In summary, the ISA is a crucial component of a computer system as it defines the instructions that a processor can execute and how those instructions are encoded. Different types of ISAs have different characteristics and can have a significant impact on the performance of a computer system.

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