43 Lecture

1. Which of the following is a key feature of New Public Management (NPM)? a) Bureaucratic structure b) Decentralization c) Political influence d) Emphasis on hierarchy

Answer: b) Decentralization

2. What is the main goal of NPM? a) To increase bureaucracy b) To improve efficiency and effectiveness of public sector organizations c) To promote political interference d) To reduce accountability

Answer: b) To improve efficiency and effectiveness of public sector organizations

3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of NPM? a) Focus on results b) Decentralization c) Increased government regulation d) Performance-based management

Answer: c) Increased government regulation

4. What is the primary focus of NPM? a) Increasing public sector employment b) Reducing public sector employment c) Improving public sector performance d) All of the above

Answer: c) Improving public sector performance

5. NPM emphasizes which of the following management practices? a) Performance-based management b) Hierarchy-based management c) Rule-based management d) Centralized management

Answer: a) Performance-based management

6. Which of the following is not a benefit of NPM? a) Increased accountability b) Improved customer focus c) Reduced bureaucracy d) Increased political interference

Answer: d) Increased political interference

7. NPM is most closely associated with which type of organization? a) Private sector organizations b) Non-profit organizations c) Public sector organizations d) None of the above

Answer: c) Public sector organizations

8. Which of the following is a criticism of NPM? a) It is too expensive to implement b) It does not increase efficiency c) It leads to the privatization of public services d) It does not emphasize customer focus

Answer: c) It leads to the privatization of public services

9. What is the main purpose of decentralization in NPM? a) To reduce the power of government b) To increase the power of government c) To improve decision-making d) To increase bureaucracy

Answer: c) To improve decision-making

10. What is the primary advantage of NPM? a) Increased accountability b) Reduced bureaucracy c) Improved decision-making d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

1. What is New Public Management (NPM)? Answer: NPM is a management philosophy that emphasizes the use of private-sector management techniques and market-based approaches to achieve greater efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability in the public sector.

2. What are the main characteristics of NPM? Answer: The main characteristics of NPM include decentralization, customer orientation, performance measurement, market orientation, and flexibility.

3. How does NPM differ from traditional public administration? Answer: NPM differs from traditional public administration in its emphasis on results, efficiency, and customer satisfaction, as well as its use of market-based mechanisms and private sector management techniques.

4. What are some criticisms of NPM? Answer: Some criticisms of NPM include its focus on efficiency at the expense of equity, its potential to undermine democratic accountability, and its failure to account for the unique characteristics of the public sector.

5. How has NPM influenced public sector reform around the world? Answer: NPM has been widely adopted as a model for public sector reform around the world, particularly in developed countries, although its effectiveness in achieving its goals remains a subject of debate.

6. How has NPM influenced the role of public sector managers? Answer: NPM has placed greater emphasis on the role of public sector managers as strategic leaders, responsible for delivering results, managing resources, and achieving organizational goals.

7. What is the role of performance measurement in NPM? Answer: Performance measurement is a key component of NPM, as it provides a means of assessing and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public sector organizations.

8. How has NPM affected public sector employment practices? Answer: NPM has led to changes in public sector employment practices, including increased use of temporary and contract workers, greater reliance on performance-based pay, and greater flexibility in hiring and firing.

9. How has NPM affected the relationship between government and the private sector? Answer: NPM has led to a greater use of market-based mechanisms and increased collaboration between the public and private sectors in the delivery of public services.

10. What is the future of NPM? Answer: The future of NPM is uncertain, as many of its assumptions and practices have been subject to criticism and debate. However, its emphasis on results and efficiency is likely to continue to shape public sector management in the years to come.

New Public Management (NPM) is a management philosophy that originated in the 1980s and aimed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of public services. It involves applying private sector management techniques to public sector organizations, such as emphasizing results and outcomes, devolving decision-making to lower levels, and introducing competition and market mechanisms. Some of the key features of NPM include performance measurement and management, contracting out services to private providers, decentralization of decision-making, deregulation, and downsizing of the public sector workforce. NPM has been adopted by many governments around the world as a way to improve the quality and efficiency of public services. Critics of NPM argue that it has led to a focus on short-term results, the neglect of public interest and values, and the erosion of the public sector's capacity to deliver services. Others argue that it has led to the privatization of public services and the creation of a two-tier system, where those who can afford to pay for services receive better treatment than those who cannot. Overall, the debate over the merits and drawbacks of NPM continues to be a topic of discussion in the field of public administration and management. While NPM has had some success in improving the performance of public services, its full implications and effects on society remain to be seen.