21 Lecture

1. What is decision making? a) The process of making informed choices b) The process of following orders c) The process of delegating tasks d) The process of ignoring problems

Answer: a) The process of making informed choices

2. Which of the following is not a step in the decision-making process? a) Identifying the problem b) Gathering information c) Avoiding risks d) Evaluating alternatives

Answer: c) Avoiding risks

3. What is the role of intuition in decision making? a) It is the only factor that should be considered b) It should be used as the primary factor in decision making c) It should be balanced with logic and analysis d) It is not important in decision making

Answer: c) It should be balanced with logic and analysis

4. Which of the following is an example of a programmed decision? a) Deciding which university to attend b) Deciding what to have for dinner c) Deciding how to respond to a customer complaint d) Deciding whether to invest in a new product line

Answer: c) Deciding how to respond to a customer complaint

5. What is the difference between a non-programmed and programmed decision? a) A non-programmed decision is a routine decision while a programmed decision is a unique decision b) A non-programmed decision is a unique decision while a programmed decision is a routine decision c) A non-programmed decision involves a lot of analysis while a programmed decision is made without analysis d) There is no difference between the two

Answer: b) A non-programmed decision is a unique decision while a programmed decision is a routine decision

6. What is the purpose of brainstorming in the decision-making process? a) To identify and generate multiple alternatives b) To evaluate and select the best alternative c) To avoid making decisions d) To follow a predetermined decision-making process

Answer: a) To identify and generate multiple alternatives

7. What is the difference between an individual and group decision-making process? a) Individual decision making is more effective than group decision making b) Group decision making is more effective than individual decision making c) Individual decision making is faster than group decision making d) There is no difference between the two

Answer: b) Group decision making is more effective than individual decision making

8. What is the purpose of a decision-making model? a) To provide a framework for decision making b) To ensure that decisions are always made by the same person c) To avoid making decisions d) To eliminate risks and uncertainties

Answer: a) To provide a framework for decision making

9. What is the role of ethics in decision making? a) Ethics should never be considered in decision making b) Ethics should always be the primary factor in decision making c) Ethics should be balanced with other factors in decision making d) Ethics are only important in personal decisions, not in business decisions

Answer: c) Ethics should be balanced with other factors in decision making

10. Which of the following is an example of a decision-making bias? a) Groupthink b) Brainstorming c) Cost-benefit analysis d) SWOT analysis

Answer: a) Groupthink

1. What is the difference between rational and intuitive decision making? Answer: Rational decision making involves a systematic approach to problem-solving, whereas intuitive decision making involves using past experiences and instincts to make decisions.

2. How does risk play a role in decision making? Answer: Decision making involves evaluating risks and considering potential consequences in order to make an informed choice.

3. What is the purpose of a decision-making matrix? Answer: A decision-making matrix is used to evaluate and prioritize options based on a set of criteria in order to make an informed choice.

4. How can group decision making be more effective than individual decision making? Answer: Group decision making allows for diverse perspectives and expertise, which can lead to more creative and well-informed choices.

5. How can decision-making biases impact the decision-making process? Answer: Biases can lead to irrational decision making and prevent consideration of important factors or alternatives.

6. How can creativity and innovation be incorporated into the decision-making process? Answer: Brainstorming and exploring unconventional options can lead to creative and innovative solutions in the decision-making process.

7. What is the role of emotions in decision making? Answer: Emotions can influence decision making, but it's important to balance them with rational analysis in order to make an informed and objective choice.

8. What is the difference between a programmed and non-programmed decision? Answer: A programmed decision is a routine decision that is made according to predetermined policies or procedures, while a non-programmed decision is unique and requires more analysis and evaluation.

9. How can decision making be improved through reflection and feedback? Answer: Reflection and feedback can help identify strengths and weaknesses in decision making and provide insights for future choices.

10. How can decision making be affected by cultural differences? Answer: Cultural differences can impact decision making by influencing values, beliefs, and attitudes towards risk-taking and decision making styles. It's important to be aware of and consider cultural differences in the decision-making process.

Decision making is a crucial skill that is required in various aspects of life, ranging from personal to professional settings. It involves the process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives to achieve a desired outcome. Effective decision making requires the ability to weigh different options, consider potential consequences, and select the best option based on available information and personal values. The decision-making process can be broken down into several steps, including identifying the problem, gathering information, evaluating alternatives, making a choice, and taking action. Each step requires careful consideration and analysis to ensure that the decision is informed and well thought out. There are several factors that can impact the decision-making process, including individual biases, emotions, and cultural differences. These factors can lead to irrational decision making and prevent consideration of important factors or alternatives. To mitigate these risks, it's important to use a systematic approach to decision making that takes into account all relevant information and minimizes the impact of biases. Effective decision making can be enhanced through various techniques such as brainstorming, reflective thinking, and seeking feedback. These techniques help individuals to explore different perspectives, evaluate their decision-making process, and identify areas for improvement. Additionally, involving a group in the decision-making process can lead to more creative and well-informed choices. Finally, the decision-making process is not always straightforward and can vary depending on the situation. Programmed decisions are routine decisions made according to predetermined policies or procedures, while non-programmed decisions require more analysis and evaluation due to their unique nature. In conclusion, decision making is a critical skill that requires a systematic approach to achieve the desired outcome. Effective decision making involves careful consideration of all relevant factors, the use of appropriate techniques, and a willingness to reflect and improve. By understanding the factors that impact decision making and using effective techniques, individuals can make informed and well thought out choices that lead to positive outcomes.