8 Lecture

1. What was the major focus of New Public Management (NPM)? a) Decentralization and delegation of power b) Professionalization of bureaucracy c) Emphasis on public service values d) Social equity and justice

Answer: a) Decentralization and delegation of power

2. The development of electronic governance is also known as: a) E-governance b) I-governance c) Digital governance d) Virtual governance

Answer: a) E-governance

3. Which of the following is not a challenge of globalization for public administration? a) Managing diversity and cultural differences b) Ensuring accountability and transparency c) Balancing regional and national interests d) Reducing interdependence among nations

Answer: d) Reducing interdependence among nations

4. Which approach focuses on citizens’ participation and involvement in public decision-making? a) Performance-based management b) Collaborative governance c) Public-private partnership d) Scientific management

Answer: b) Collaborative governance

5. What is the primary goal of outcome-based performance management? a) Achieving organizational objectives b) Enhancing employee motivation c) Ensuring public accountability d) Maintaining ethical standards

Answer: a) Achieving organizational objectives

6. Which model of public administration emphasizes citizen participation and democratic governance? a) New Public Management b) Public Choice Model c) Participatory Model d) Scientific Management

Answer: c) Participatory Model

7. The development of social media has led to which of the following? a) Greater privacy concerns b) Reduced citizen engagement c) Decreased access to information d) Increased transparency and accountability

Answer: d) Increased transparency and accountability

8. Which of the following is a criticism of public-private partnerships? a) Lack of accountability and transparency b) Reduced efficiency and effectiveness c) Decreased innovation and flexibility d) Increased government control over private sector

Answer: a) Lack of accountability and transparency

9. Which approach to public management emphasizes collaboration, learning, and continuous improvement? a) Traditional model b) Rational model c) Systems model d) Learning model

Answer: d) Learning model

10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the new public service model? a) Focus on professionalism and expertise b) Emphasis on results and outcomes c) Recognition of the importance of political leadership d) Emphasis on public service values

Answer: c) Recognition of the importance of political leadership

1. What is the difference between the New Public Administration and the Traditional Public Administration? Solution: The New Public Administration is characterized by its emphasis on the use of scientific management techniques and an orientation towards efficiency, while the Traditional Public Administration is more concerned with issues of equity and social justice.

2. Explain the significance of the Minnowbrook Conference on the development of Public Administration. Solution: The Minnowbrook Conference was significant because it marked a turning point in the development of Public Administration, as it shifted the focus of the field from the technical aspects of management to the broader issues of social equity, democratic governance, and citizen participation.

3. What is the role of Public Administration in promoting sustainable development? Solution: Public Administration can play a key role in promoting sustainable development by facilitating coordination among various stakeholders, developing effective policies and programs, and ensuring efficient and equitable use of resources.

4. How did the Progressive Movement influence the development of Public Administration? Solution: The Progressive Movement emphasized the need for more effective and efficient government, which led to the development of scientific management techniques and the establishment of professional training programs in Public Administration.

5. What are the key principles of the New Public Service? Solution: The key principles of the New Public Service include a focus on the public interest, democratic governance, citizenship, and social equity.

6. Explain the concept of Reinventing Government and its impact on Public Administration. Solution: Reinventing Government is a concept that emphasizes the need for government to become more efficient, effective, and responsive to the needs of citizens. This concept has had a significant impact on Public Administration by promoting the use of new management techniques, such as privatization and contracting out, and by emphasizing the importance of performance measurement and evaluation.

7. How has globalization affected the field of Public Administration? Solution: Globalization has had a significant impact on the field of Public Administration by increasing the complexity and interdependence of public policy issues, creating new challenges for policy makers, and leading to the development of new forms of governance.

8. What is the role of Public Administration in promoting social justice? Solution: Public Administration can play a key role in promoting social justice by developing policies and programs that address issues such as poverty, inequality, discrimination, and social exclusion, and by ensuring that these policies and programs are implemented in an equitable and effective manner.

9. How did the New Deal era shape the development of Public Administration in the United States? Solution: The New Deal era was a time of significant expansion of the role of government in the United States, which led to the development of new agencies and programs and the establishment of new principles of Public Administration, such as the importance of public participation and the need for administrative discretion.

10. What are the key challenges facing Public Administration in the 21st century? Solution: The key challenges facing Public Administration in the 21st century include globalization, changing demographics and social trends, technological innovation, and the need to balance efficiency with concerns for equity and social justice.

The history of public administration is divided into different eras. The post-World War II era saw significant changes in public administration with the emergence of new ideas and theories. One of the most important developments during this era was the emergence of the New Public Administration (NPA) movement. The NPA movement was a response to the limitations of the traditional approach to public administration, which was criticized for being too bureaucratic and unresponsive to the needs of the public. The NPA movement emphasized the need for public administrators to focus on social equity, democracy, and public participation. It called for a more participatory approach to decision-making, and advocated for the involvement of citizens in the policy-making process. The movement also emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary research and the integration of knowledge from different fields. Another important development during this era was the introduction of performance measurement and evaluation in public administration. This was a response to the growing demand for accountability and transparency in government. The introduction of performance measurement and evaluation helped to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government programs and services. The post-World War II era also saw the emergence of the systems approach to public administration. The systems approach emphasized the importance of viewing organizations as complex systems, and called for a more holistic and integrated approach to managing government programs and services. The systems approach also emphasized the importance of continuous learning and improvement, and called for the use of feedback mechanisms to improve organizational performance. In summary, the post-World War II era was a period of significant change and development in public administration. The emergence of the NPA movement, the introduction of performance measurement and evaluation, and the systems approach to public administration were all important developments that helped to shape the field of public administration into what it is today.